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Valve cover / crank case breather


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Technically that's not the PCV valve, it is the fresh air intake for the crankcase ventilation system.  That hose is hooked to the air cleaner where it draws clean filtered air into the engine.

 

The Positive Crankcase Ventilation valve is the part stuck in the rear opening of the valve cover.  It has a small metered orifice that is connected to a manifold vacuum source on the intake manifold.  Engine vacuum draws crankcase gases out of the engine, and in turn fresh air is drawn in through the front hose.  

 

Excessive blowby could mean the metered orifice is plugged with carbon, sludge, dirt, etc  and preventing the system from working.  The crankcase pressure is then forcing gases and oil out the fresh air intake hose because it has nowhere else to go.  Cleaning the rear metered orifice could help.

 

Given the age of our trucks, the excessive blowby could also be caused by bad piston rings allowing combustion chamber pressure to escape into the crankcase.  It's still a good idea to check the PCV orifice and clean it if necessary.

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The 4.0 crankcase ventilation system is properly called a CCV (controlled crankcase ventilation) system.   And as others pointed out, it uses a metered orifice in the REAR hose on the valve cover to control the amount of crankcase vapors that are sucked into the intake manifold when the engine is running.

 

when the engine gets old, this metered orifice can become restricted, and thus the normal draw of vapors from the crankcase is defeated.  Once that happens, crankcase vapors blow out through the intake hose on the FRONT of the valve cover, and the engine gets coated in oil residue.
 

 It may also contribute to oil loss by other than burning, and thus it is wise to address a plugged CCV system in the way others have explained above.

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